Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a socio-political complain against the policy of racial segregation and discrimination campaign in the everyday transport service of Montgomery city, Alabama in 1955. It lasted for one whole year starting at December 5, 1955 and ending at Decenmer21, 1956. The sentiments of the Afro-the Statesn fellowship were cooled down by a get together States Supreme decision that declared segregation in public transport as unconstitutional.The main cause of the witness and boycott of transport system was racial discrimination. This segregation was a source of bitterness and pathos for the Afro-Americans community for a long period of time. The city hatful service was making a mockery of Afro-American as they were harassed by lily-white drivers. They had top pay the fare at the front room access whereas they had to reboard from the rear-door. They used to sit behind a barrier that segregated the white community from the black one. This barrier was always move d toward the rear end to outfit more white customers. On the bus, blacks sat behind a mobile barrier dividing the races, and as the bus filled, the barrier was pushed back to make room for white passengers.This stated resentments of the black residents of Montgomery city got an impetus in the arrest of Rosa Parks. She was taken into custody on December 1, 1955 on the charges that she refused vacate her butt end to a white passenger. She was penalized 10$ in addition to $ 4 court charges. This decision flamed the feelings of the Afro-American community who had already planned to set a hold out against this uncivilized practice.So the same day, on December 05, 1955, almost forty two thousands melanise residents of the city started the boycott of city bus transport in order to protest racial segregation and racially discriminatory law of Alabama state. Rosa Parks was also an enthusiastic adherent of the protest campaign. The commencement exercise occurrence of protest was a one da y boycott by a local womens rights organization, Womens Political Council to show solidarity with Rosa Parks. The councils prexy JoAnn published and distributed 52,000 fliers that prompted Montgomerys Afro-American community to stay off public buses on the day of the Rosa Parks trial.National tie beam for the Advancement of Colored Peoples (NAACP) local section, that was hankering after an issue to involve the court into a legal and constitutional debate oer the issue of racial segregation took advantage of the situation, started preparing for the legal challenge. After the conviction of Rosa Parks, the local black leaders congregated to arrange a mass protest and an extension of the bus boycott. They further established Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) to forward the interest of the Afro-American community at the guinea pig level and take Luther King Jr. as its president.This protest continued for 381 days during which Black community used other mean of conveyance like taxis, carpooling, and walking done miles. Their efforts and sacrifices bore fruit when they ultimately succeeded in their struggle to desegregate seating on public buses, not only in Montgomery, but throughout the United States through a decision made by Supreme Court.As it is stated earlier that Black organizations like NAACP and other community leader started cerebration on various legal measures to challenge the Alabama bus segregation laws and to eradicate the segregation. For his purpose, they based their case on Fourth Amendments that declares equal laws for every citizen of America and wanted a clear judgment in this regards over the discriminatory laws of Alabama State. But real solace came through another case Browder v. Gayle that was filed on February 1, 1956, in the U.S. District Court.Browder was a Montgomery housewife who was denied the equal right of bus service under the discriminatory law and Gayle was the mayor of Montgomery. In June, 1956 ruling, federal court declared the segregated seating as unconstitutional but an appeal was forwarded to the United States Supreme Court. However, on November 13, 1956, the superior court endorsed the lower courts ruling. This was a great triumph for the Afro-American community as they won the struggle for their rights.The Montgomery Bus Boycott cast deep imprints U.S. history and equipped the Black leadership with an impetus to carry on their civil rights struggle. It had implications that reached far beyond the desegregation of public buses. Luther King established himself as the leader of a national stature. The protest boosted the Civil Rights Movement and created a mass awareness about the struggle of Afro-American community and highlighted their pathos and miseries. It further provided confidence to the Black hoi polloi that they can win their rights by constant struggle. In the words of King We have gained a new sense of dignity and destiny. We have discovered a new and powerful weaponnon-violen t resistance.ReferenceBurns, Stewart. (1997) Daybreak of Freedom The Montgomery Bus Boycott. The University of North Carolina Press.